Foundational Skills Supplementary Resources
Already registered?
Log in now.
Extra information to further your understanding.
Thanks to our sponsors!
Key:
Complete
Next
Failed
Available
Locked
Cervical Articular Facet Joint Ultrasound and Injection & Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection from the Atlantoaxial Space (C1-C2) in the Standing Horse
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
Ultrasound examination and guided injection of the cervical vertebral facet joints is often indicated for horses with cervical vertebral osteoarthritis identified on cervical radiographs. These horses may present for neck stiffness, poor performance, and/or ataxia localized to the cervical spinal cord. In addition to facilitating intra-articular treatment of affected facet joints, ultrasonography allows clinicians to evaluate the vertebral bony surface, joint capsule, and surrounding soft tissues. In cases where oblique radiographs have not been obtained, ultrasound examination can also assist in determining which of the facet joints (left or right) is affected at any given location.
How to Ultrasound the Carpal Canal and Caudal Antebrachium
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
Lameness associated with carpal sheath effusion results from a variety of underlying factors. Pathologic changes associated with the carpal canal include septic tenosynovitis, superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendinopathies, and desmopathies of the accessory ligament of the superficial (AL-SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendons.
Static, dynamic and non-weightbearing ultrasound evaluation of the digital flexor tendon sheath improves sensitivity and specificity of manica flexoria tears diagnosis in cobs and ponies
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
Ultrasonography (US) is commonly used as a first-line imaging modality in horses with lameness localised to the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS). The reported sensitivity of US for the detection of manica flexoria (MF) tears is low.
Metacarpal and Metatarsal Regions
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
The palmar metacarpal and plantar metatarsal regions are by far the most commonly examined with ultrasound. Ultrasonography provides valuable information on the tendon and ligaments in these regions.
Comparison of ultrasonography and radiography with arthroscopy for diagnosis of dorsoproximal osteochondral fragmentation of the proximal phalanx in 56 Thoroughbred racehorses
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
Osteochondral fragmentation of the proximal phalanx (DPP1 fragment) is a common finding in the racehorse. Whilst radiographic assessment has been reported to lack diagnostic sensitivity, ultrasonographic examination has been
documented to be extremely sensitive for identification of bone fragments in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Equine Reproductive Procedures Entire Book
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
This is the 2014 version of the book, which is available free online.
Ultrasound of the Equine Tarsus
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
Ultrasound of the tarsus, like other joints in the horse, provides valuable information to document and characterize soft tissue and osseous injury. The collateral ligaments, superficial digital flexor tendon, long digital extensor tendon, gastrocnemius tendon, and peroneus tertius are most commonly affected, but injuries to all tendons and ligaments can be seen. The frequency of wounds makes the tarsus a prime target for septic arthritis, tenosynovitis, and bursitis. Ultrasound can be used to show involvement of synovial structures in many cases of sepsis.
How to Perform an Equine Field Necropsy
Open to download resource.
Open to download resource.
Regular performance of post-mortem necropsy examination will greatly increase the likelihood of accurate diagnoses and often provides a more thorough case understanding. Necropsy findings can also be helpful for elucidating the severity of disease to owners who need further validation of their decision to euthanize. Unfortunately, the time required to perform necropsies coupled with owners’ occasional wariness of having the remains of their horses dissected often deters clinicians from performing necropsies in the field. The described technique is an abbreviated method from the prosection routinely performed in diagnostic laboratories, and it is suitable for examining the abdominal and thoracic cavities to evaluate the most common disorders. It can be performed reasonably quickly in the field and leaves the carcass relatively intact, making this a desirable procedure for both clinician and owner.
